Linux 服務(wù)器部署標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
系統(tǒng)約定
| 軟件源代碼包存放位置 | /usr/local/src |
| 源碼包編譯安裝位置(prefix) | /usr/local/Comsenz/software_name |
| 腳本以及維護(hù)程序存放位置 | /usr/local/Comsenz/sbin |
| MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫位置 | /data/mysql（可按情況設(shè)置） |
| Apache 網(wǎng)站根目錄 | /data/wwwroot（可按情況設(shè)置） |
| Apache 虛擬主機(jī)日志根目錄 | /data/wwwroot/logs（可按情況設(shè)置） |
| Apache 運(yùn)行賬戶 | www:www |
相關(guān)推薦：PHP5.4+Apache+Mysql 服務(wù)器環(huán)境配置
系統(tǒng)環(huán)境初始化
1、檢查系統(tǒng)是否正常
more /var/log/messages（檢查有無系統(tǒng)級錯誤信息）
dmesg （檢查硬件設(shè)備是否有錯誤信息）
cat /proc/cpuinfo (檢查CPU頻率是否正常)
top (按1檢測CPU核數(shù)是否正常，內(nèi)存大小是否正常)
ifconfig（檢查網(wǎng)卡設(shè)置是否正確）
ping www.163.com（檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否正常）
2、關(guān)閉不需要的服務(wù)
ntsysv
以下僅列出需要啟動的服務(wù)，未列出的服務(wù)一律推薦關(guān)閉：
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
關(guān)閉SElinux：
修改/etc/selinux/config文件中的SELINUX= 為 disabled
3、更換快速源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.old
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://c.sihost.net/CentOS-Base-sohu.repo
mv CentOS-Base-sohu.repo CentOS-Base.repo
yum clean
yum -y update
lsb_release -a
yum -y erase mysql
yum -y erase php
yum -y erase httpd
4、使用 yum 程序安裝所需開發(fā)包（以下為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 RPM 包名稱）
yum -y install ntp make openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel libpng libpng-devel libtiff-devel libjpeg-6b libjpeg-devel-6b freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel fontconfig-devel zlib zlib-devel libevent-devel gcc gcc-c++ flex bison bzip2-devel libXpm libXpm-devel ncurses ncurses-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel imake autoconf automake screen sysstat compat-libstdc++-33 curl curl-devel
5、定時校正服務(wù)器時鐘，定時與中國國家授時中心授時服務(wù)器同步
crontab –e
加入一行：
*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1
6、下載程序包
Apache
推薦穩(wěn)定版 2.2.21
http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/
PHP
推薦穩(wěn)定版5.2.17
http://cn.php.net/downloads.php
Mysql
推薦穩(wěn)定版5.5.18
http://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
文中的配置文件和腳本限于篇幅，請到以下地址下載（僅支持linux下使用wget下載）
Apache控制腳本
http://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd
Apache配置文件
http://c.sihost.net/jb/httpd.conf
以上列出的程序最新推薦版下載列表
http://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list
在 /usr/local/src目錄下執(zhí)行
wget http://c.sihost.net/lamp_tools.list
wget -i lamp_tools.list
7、創(chuàng)建web運(yùn)行用戶
groupadd www
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data/wwwroot
chmod +w /data/wwwroot
chown www:www /data/wwwroot -R
8、重新啟動
init 6
編譯安裝環(huán)境
1、安裝 MySQL
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf cmake-2.8.5.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.5/
./configure
gmake &&gmake install
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.18.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.18
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
make && make install
cd /usr/local/Comsenz/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on
編輯/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
找到
basedir=
datadir=
改成
basedir=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
然后
mkdir -p /usr/local/Comsenz/etc
cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /usr/local/Comsenz/etc/my.cnf
編輯/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/my.cnf
在 [mysqld] 段增加
datadir = /data/mysql
wait-timeout = 10
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 10000000
local-infile=0
在 [mysqld] 段修改
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_cache_size = CPU個數(shù)*2
將 log-bin 注釋
mv /usr/local/Comsenz/mysql/data/* /data/mysql
service mysqld start
bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'admin999'
其中admin999是要設(shè)置的root密碼
2、安裝 Apache
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.21
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Comsenz/apache --enable-module=rewrite --disable-access --disable-auth --disable-charset-lite --disable-include --disable-log-config --disable-env --disable-setenvif --disable-mime --disable-status --disable-autoindex --disable-asis --disable-cgid --disable-cgi --disable-negotiation --disable-dir --disable-actions --disable-userdir --disable-alias --enable-so --enable-mods-shared='access auth auth_anon auth_dbm auth_digest dav dav_fs actions alias asis autoindex cache cern_meta cgi charset_lite deflate dir disk_cache env expires file_cache headers include info log_config logio mime mime_magic negotiation rewrite setenvif speling status unique_id userdir usertrack vhost_alias'
make && make install
cd /usr/local/src/
mv /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf.old
cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd.conf /usr/local/Comsenz/apache/conf/httpd.conf
cp -f /usr/local/src/httpd /etc/init.d/httpd
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd
chkconfig --add httpd
chkconfig httpd on
3、編譯安裝PHP 所需的支持庫
tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure
make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd /usr/local/src/
64bit系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行下面的:
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib64/libiconv.so.2
32bit系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行下面的:
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib/libiconv.so.2
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make && make install
4、編譯安裝PHP
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf php-5.2.17.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.17
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Comsenz/php5 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/Comsenz/etc --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-png-dir=/usr --enable-magic-quotes --with-mysql=/usr/local/Comsenz/mysql --with-pear --enable-sockets --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-zlib --enable-sysvsem --enable-exif --enable-sysvshm --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-apxs2=/usr/local/Comsenz/apache/bin/apxs --with-iconv=/usr/local/libiconv --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-xmlrpc --enable-xml --enable-shmop --enable-zip --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --enable-discard-path --enable-bcmath --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --with-openssl
make &&make install
./libtool --finish /usr/local/src/php-5.2.17/libs
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini
echo 'ulimit -SHn 65535' >> /etc/rc.local
5、安裝PHP擴(kuò)展模塊（需要此功能的Discuz! X用戶選裝）
APC
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf APC-3.1.9.tgz
cd APC-3.1.9
/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-apc --enable-mmap --enable-apc-spinlocks --disable-apc-pthreadmutex --with-php-config=/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/bin/php-config
make &&make install
編輯/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini
查找
extension_dir =
在下面一行添加
extension_dir = "/usr/local/Comsenz/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
extension="apc.so"
apc.enabled = 1
apc.shm_size = 64M
apc.stat = 1
保存
6、查看確認(rèn)L.A.M.P環(huán)境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
保存以下內(nèi)容為info.php到/data/www/，檢查phpinfo中的各項(xiàng)信息是否正確。
<?
phpinfo();
?>
確認(rèn) PHP 能夠正常工作后，編輯/usr/local/Comsenz/etc/php.ini進(jìn)行設(shè)置提升PHP安全性。
查找
disable_functions =
修改成
disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,shell_exec,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,leak,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,popen
然后
service httpd restart
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